The Curious Rules of Euchre from 1877
In 1877, a book titled The Laws and Practice of the Game of Euchre, attributed only to “A Professor,” was published by T.B. Peterson & Brothers of Philadelphia. Purporting to be the official rules adopted by the Washington D.C. Euchre Club, this early American manual offers a fascinating window into both the game of Euchre and the social mores of the late 19th century.
Written in ornate Victorian prose, the book describes Euchre as “the Queen of all card-games,” calling it both “seductive” and “animated,” and praises its popularity from Mississippi River steamboats to political clubs in the nation’s capital. The author—clearly a passionate player—mixes formal instruction with humorous asides, colorful metaphors, and even poetic quotes from Shakespeare and Horace.
Beyond its charming language, the book includes a surprising number of rules and customs that differ sharply from today’s game. Here are some notable differences:
1. The Deck
While modern Euchre in North America uses a 24-card deck (9 through Ace), the 1877 version specifies a 32-card deck (7 through Ace), more akin to what we now associate with Piquet or European games.
2. Going Alone Was a Spectacle
Today, “going alone” means silently setting your partner aside for a shot at extra points. But in 1877, it could include dramatic variants like “Jambone” (where your cards are shown face-up on the table, and your opponent calls the first card played) or “Jamboree” (a rare combination of the five highest trump cards, instantly winning 16 points and ending the game).
3. Scoring Systems Were More Elaborate
Rather than playing to a static 10 or 11 points, players in 1877 often played to 5, with rules like the “Lap” (carrying extra points to the next game) or “Slam” (a win when the opponents scored zero, worth two games). In fact, players tracked points using cards, penknives, or even coin piles.
4. Formality and Silence
The book emphasizes the importance of silence and etiquette. Players were expected not to talk during hands, not even to inquire about the score. “He who approximates nearest to being dumb may be deemed the best player,” the author writes, in stark contrast to today’s Euchre culture, where table talk, laughter, and friendly banter are integral to the game.
5. The Cultural Position of Euchre
In 1877, Euchre wasn’t just a card game—it was part of the social fabric. The book argues that knowledge of the game was essential for every American gentleman and laments that there was no formal guide to resolve disputes. Its publication was meant to provide a common authority for what had become a nationally beloved pastime.
As we refine and promote the modern rules of Euchre here at the World Euchre Federation, books like this remind us of the game’s long and colorful history. While many elements have evolved or fallen out of use, the heart of Euchre—fast play, quick wit, and spirited competition—remains unchanged.
This 19th-century Euchre guide is more than just a rulebook—it’s a time capsule. It reveals how much the game has changed and also how much has stayed the same. For anyone who loves Euchre, it’s a joyful and thought-provoking read.
Have you ever played any versions of Euchre with uncommon rules? Share your stories with us on our Facebook World Euchre Federation Group page.
